Find Top Neurologist Botox Injections Near Me + Info


Find Top Neurologist Botox Injections Near Me + Info

The search time period displays a person’s have to find a certified medical skilled, particularly a neurologist, who gives botulinum toxin injections of their native geographic space. This typically signifies a necessity for remedy of neurological situations similar to power migraines, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, or hemifacial spasm, the place botulinum toxin is a acknowledged therapeutic possibility administered by specialists.

Searching for remedy from a neurologist provides benefits as a result of these physicians possess specialised information of the nervous system and associated problems. Their experience permits for correct analysis, applicable remedy planning, and administration of potential issues. Traditionally, botulinum toxins therapeutic use advanced from treating strabismus to addressing a wider vary of neurological illnesses, demonstrating its increasing function in neurological care. Entry to an area supplier permits for handy follow-up appointments and personalised care.

This text will discover the situations generally handled with botulinum toxin injections by neurologists, the process itself, concerns for locating a certified neurologist in a single’s neighborhood, and what to anticipate throughout the session and remedy course of.

1. Neurological Experience

Neurological experience constitutes a basic pillar of the inquiry “neurologist botox injections close to me.” The seek for native neurologists providing botulinum toxin remedies inherently underscores the significance of specialised medical information. Botulinum toxin’s therapeutic software in neurology targets intricate neuromuscular pathways; subsequently, a neurologist’s understanding of neuroanatomy, physiology, and illness pathophysiology is paramount. Inaccurate administration or misdiagnosis can result in ineffective remedy or, worse, hostile occasions. For instance, in treating cervical dystonia, a neurologist leverages their experience to establish the precise affected muscle groups and inject the toxin exactly to alleviate spasms whereas minimizing weak point in surrounding muscle teams. This degree of precision requires in-depth information of the situation and the consequences of the toxin on the nervous system.

The connection between neurological experience and profitable botulinum toxin remedy extends past the injection itself. Neurologists are educated to evaluate sufferers comprehensively, contemplating their medical historical past, performing neurological examinations, and decoding diagnostic exams. This holistic method permits them to find out if botulinum toxin is certainly probably the most applicable remedy possibility and to rule out contraindications. Moreover, they will anticipate and handle potential unwanted effects, similar to ptosis (drooping eyelid) following injections for blepharospasm. The flexibility to distinguish between varied neurological problems with overlapping signs and to tailor remedy plans accordingly demonstrates the sensible significance of this experience.

In conclusion, the pursuit of “neurologist botox injections close to me” inherently displays a recognition of the essential function neurological experience performs in making certain secure and efficient remedy. The complexities of neuromuscular problems and the exact administration of botulinum toxin necessitate the involvement of a extremely educated and skilled neurologist. Challenges in accessing certified specialists in sure geographic areas spotlight the continuing want for elevated entry to neurological care and larger consciousness of the advantages of in search of remedy from a board-certified neurologist.

2. Injection Precision

Injection precision constitutes a essential determinant of outcomes in botulinum toxin remedies administered by neurologists. The phrase “neurologist botox injections close to me” implies a search not just for native accessibility but additionally for a supplier able to delivering injections with accuracy and ability, impacting each therapeutic efficacy and minimization of hostile occasions. This entails a multifaceted understanding of anatomy, toxin dynamics, and individualized affected person wants.

  • Focused Muscle Accuracy

    The therapeutic impact of botulinum toxin depends on its exact supply to particular muscle groups. Inaccurate injections may end up in the toxin affecting unintended muscle groups, resulting in undesirable unwanted effects similar to weak point or paralysis in adjoining areas. For instance, in treating blepharospasm, injecting the orbicularis oculi muscle too deeply can have an effect on the levator palpebrae superioris, inflicting ptosis. Neurologists should possess a complete understanding of muscle anatomy and make the most of methods, similar to electromyography (EMG) steering, to make sure exact placement. The question “neurologist botox injections close to me” subsequently displays an implicit demand for this degree of anatomical experience and precision.

  • Dosage Optimization

    Injection precision extends past the placement to incorporate the correct administration of the right dosage. The optimum dosage varies relying on the goal muscle, the severity of the situation, and particular person affected person elements. Overdosing can result in extreme muscle weak point, whereas underdosing could end in insufficient symptom aid. Neurologists meticulously titrate the dosage primarily based on scientific evaluation and affected person response. The seek for a neurologist regionally suggests the consumer values entry to a supplier who can carefully monitor their progress and regulate the dosage as wanted to realize optimum therapeutic outcomes.

  • Depth Management

    The depth of injection is one other essential facet of precision. Completely different muscle groups reside at various depths, and injecting too superficially or too deeply can compromise efficacy and enhance the danger of issues. As an example, in treating power migraines, injecting too superficially could not successfully goal the pericranial muscle groups, whereas injecting too deeply may have an effect on underlying constructions. Skilled neurologists perceive the nuances of tissue depth and make the most of applicable needle lengths and angles to make sure correct supply. The will for “neurologist botox injections close to me” implicitly acknowledges the necessity for a practitioner who can skillfully navigate the complexities of tissue layers to realize the specified therapeutic impact.

  • Minimizing Unfold

    Controlling the unfold of the botulinum toxin after injection is essential to forestall unintended results. Components similar to injection quantity and method can affect the extent of diffusion. Neurologists make use of methods to reduce unfold, similar to utilizing small injection volumes and making use of strain after injection. Limiting the unfold reduces the danger of affecting adjoining muscle groups and constructions. The consideration of proximity, as implied in “neurologist botox injections close to me,” signifies a affected person’s want for handy follow-up appointments to handle any potential issues or changes associated to toxin unfold.

In abstract, the idea of injection precision encompasses a number of dimensions, all of which contribute considerably to the general success of botulinum toxin remedy administered by neurologists. The search question “neurologist botox injections close to me” subsequently represents an implicit recognition of the significance of those elements and a want for a supplier who possesses the talents and experience to ship injections with accuracy and minimal threat of issues. Moreover, entry to an area supplier facilitates ongoing monitoring and changes, optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

3. Situation Specificity

The search time period “neurologist botox injections close to me” presupposes an understanding that botulinum toxin remedy isn’t a universally relevant answer however quite a remedy tailor-made to particular neurological situations. The efficacy and security of botulinum toxin rely considerably on deciding on applicable candidates primarily based on a confirmed analysis and an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. As an example, whereas botulinum toxin is a longtime remedy for cervical dystonia, characterised by involuntary neck muscle contractions, it could be inappropriate for tremors attributable to Parkinson’s illness, which have completely different underlying mechanisms and require various remedy methods. The localized search displays a affected person’s consciousness of the necessity for a specialist who can precisely diagnose and decide if botulinum toxin is an applicable remedy for his or her explicit ailment.

The sensible significance of situation specificity extends to the injection method itself. Neurologists modify their method primarily based on the precise situation being handled. For instance, in treating power migraines, the injections goal particular head and neck muscle groups in accordance with the PREEMPT protocol, a standardized method confirmed efficient in scientific trials. Conversely, for blepharospasm, injections concentrate on the muscle groups surrounding the eyes to alleviate involuntary eyelid spasms. The will to seek out “neurologist botox injections close to me” emphasizes the significance of accessing an expert accustomed to the precise protocols and methods required for the affected person’s identified situation, making certain optimum outcomes and minimizing potential unwanted effects. Improper software, with out consideration for the situation’s nuances, could result in ineffective remedy or exacerbate the affected person’s signs.

In conclusion, the connection between situation specificity and the seek for “neurologist botox injections close to me” underscores the need of correct analysis and individualized remedy planning. The effectiveness of botulinum toxin hinges on its focused software to particular neurological situations, demanding experience in analysis, method, and dosage. The search displays a proactive affected person method, recognizing the significance of specialised care from a neurologist skilled in managing the actual neurological dysfunction with botulinum toxin, which is significant for profitable therapeutic outcomes and mitigating potential dangers. Entry to correct info and certified professionals stays a problem in sure geographical areas, highlighting the necessity for improved sources and training.

4. Proximity Comfort

The phrase “neurologist botox injections close to me” inherently emphasizes the worth of proximity comfort, impacting remedy adherence, cost-effectiveness, and general affected person expertise. Native accessibility to specialised neurological care performs a big function in making certain constant and manageable remedy regimens.

  • Diminished Journey Burden

    Minimizing journey distance alleviates the logistical and bodily challenges related to in search of medical care. People with neurological situations, similar to power migraines or cervical dystonia, could expertise important discomfort or mobility limitations. Diminished journey time minimizes symptom exacerbation and improves general remedy compliance. The seek for an area supplier straight addresses this concern, facilitating simpler entry to essential interventions. Moreover, journey prices, together with transportation bills and potential misplaced wages, can pose a monetary burden, significantly for sufferers requiring frequent injections.

  • Enhanced Remedy Adherence

    Proximity comfort positively impacts remedy adherence by lowering the obstacles to scheduling and attending appointments. Common botulinum toxin injections are sometimes essential to take care of therapeutic advantages. Finding a neurologist inside a manageable distance promotes constant follow-up care and well timed reinjection, optimizing remedy outcomes. Sufferers usually tend to adhere to advisable remedy schedules when entry is available and fewer disruptive to their each day routines. This facet is especially essential for managing power situations requiring ongoing intervention.

  • Facilitated Publish-Injection Monitoring

    Following botulinum toxin injections, sufferers could expertise unwanted effects or require changes to dosage. Proximity to the treating neurologist permits immediate evaluation and administration of any post-injection issues. Well timed entry to care ensures that potential points are addressed swiftly, minimizing discomfort and stopping escalation. Moreover, native availability facilitates simpler communication with the neurologist relating to remedy response and any issues that will come up. This enhanced monitoring contributes to improved affected person security and satisfaction.

  • Streamlined Emergency Entry

    Though uncommon, hostile reactions to botulinum toxin injections can happen. In such situations, instant entry to the treating neurologist is paramount. Finding a neurologist close by ensures speedy intervention in case of emergency conditions. This proximity gives sufferers with a way of safety and confidence of their remedy plan. Figuring out that instant medical help is available can alleviate nervousness and enhance the general remedy expertise.

In conclusion, proximity comfort constitutes a big issue within the context of “neurologist botox injections close to me.” Diminished journey burden, enhanced remedy adherence, facilitated post-injection monitoring, and streamlined emergency entry collectively contribute to improved affected person outcomes and a extra manageable remedy expertise. The significance of native availability highlights the necessity for accessible neurological care in varied geographic areas.

5. Security Protocols

The pursuit of “neurologist botox injections close to me” inherently connects with the rigorous adherence to established security protocols. The administration of botulinum toxin, whereas typically secure, necessitates strict adherence to pointers designed to reduce potential dangers and hostile occasions. These protocols embody a variety of measures, from affected person screening and preparation to injection method and post-procedure monitoring. As an example, a neurologist will meticulously overview a affected person’s medical historical past, together with drugs and pre-existing situations, to establish contraindications or potential interactions. People with sure neuromuscular problems or allergy symptoms might not be appropriate candidates for botulinum toxin remedy. Failure to stick to those preliminary screening protocols can have severe penalties. A concrete instance is a affected person with undiagnosed myasthenia gravis receiving botulinum toxin, probably resulting in exacerbated muscle weak point and respiratory compromise. Consequently, the search displays an expectation that the chosen neurologist will prioritize security by way of diligent adherence to evidence-based pointers, safeguarding affected person well-being all through the remedy course of.

The connection between security protocols and the “neurologist botox injections close to me” question additional extends to the injection process itself. Neurologists should make use of sterile methods to forestall an infection, together with correct hand hygiene, use of sterile gloves, and disinfection of the injection website. Correct anatomical information is essential to make sure exact injection into the goal muscle whereas avoiding close by constructions, similar to blood vessels or nerves. The utilization of ultrasound or electromyography (EMG) steering can additional improve precision, significantly in circumstances the place anatomical landmarks are troublesome to establish. For instance, in treating cervical dystonia, EMG steering permits the neurologist to focus on particular neck muscle groups answerable for the involuntary actions, minimizing the danger of injecting adjoining muscle groups and inflicting unintended weak point. These protocols additionally contain correct disposal of needles and syringes to forestall unintentional needle sticks and transmission of infectious ailments. A affected person in search of an area neurologist implicitly assumes that these stringent security measures can be carried out constantly.

In conclusion, the “neurologist botox injections close to me” search displays an implicit expectation of unwavering adherence to security protocols. From affected person screening and preparation to injection method and post-procedure monitoring, these protocols are paramount in minimizing dangers and making certain affected person well-being. Neglecting these measures can result in hostile occasions, highlighting the essential function of a certified and skilled neurologist who prioritizes affected person security above all else. The provision of native specialists adhering to those requirements represents an important part of accessible and secure neurological care. The problem lies in making certain constant implementation of those protocols throughout all scientific settings and selling affected person consciousness of the significance of security in botulinum toxin remedy.

6. Remedy Efficacy

Remedy efficacy, within the context of “neurologist botox injections close to me,” represents the central goal of people in search of this particular medical service. It denotes the diploma to which botulinum toxin injections, administered by a neurologist, efficiently alleviate signs and enhance the affected person’s general situation. The seek for an area supplier displays an inherent want for efficient and sustained aid from neurological problems treatable with this modality.

  • Situation-Particular Outcomes

    Remedy efficacy varies considerably relying on the precise neurological situation being addressed. For power migraines, efficacy is usually measured by a discount in headache frequency and depth. In cervical dystonia, enchancment is assessed by a lower in involuntary muscle contractions and related ache. Blepharospasm efficacy is evaluated by the discount in involuntary eyelid spasms, thereby bettering imaginative and prescient and high quality of life. An area neurologist’s familiarity with established efficacy benchmarks for every situation is essential to life like affected person expectations and remedy planning. The phrase “neurologist botox injections close to me” underscores the worth of condition-specific experience and tailor-made remedy approaches.

  • Dosage and Injection Approach

    Remedy efficacy is closely influenced by exact dosage and injection method. Inadequate dosage could end in insufficient symptom aid, whereas extreme dosage can result in undesirable unwanted effects. Correct injection into the goal muscle, guided by anatomical information and probably EMG, is essential for attaining optimum outcomes. In treating higher limb spasticity, for instance, exact injection into the affected muscle groups, guided by anatomical landmarks and muscle palpation, ensures efficient muscle leisure and improved limb operate. An area neurologist’s ability in these areas straight impacts the remedy’s effectiveness. The phrase “neurologist botox injections close to me” highlights the significance of accessing a supplier with demonstrated proficiency in administering botulinum toxin injections.

  • Length of Impact and Upkeep

    Botulinum toxin’s results are momentary, sometimes lasting three to 6 months. Remedy efficacy, subsequently, entails understanding the period of aid and the necessity for upkeep injections. The frequency of injections varies primarily based on particular person response and the handled situation. As an example, people with power migraines could require injections each three months to take care of symptom management. An area neurologist’s skill to watch remedy response and regulate the injection schedule is crucial for sustaining long-term efficacy. “Neurologist botox injections close to me” emphasizes the necessity for handy entry to ongoing care and personalised remedy changes.

  • Affected person-Reported Outcomes

    Whereas goal measures are vital, patient-reported outcomes play a big function in assessing remedy efficacy. Subjective experiences, similar to ache ranges, purposeful skill, and general high quality of life, present invaluable insights into the remedy’s impression. An area neurologist’s willingness to actively hearken to and tackle affected person issues is essential for optimizing remedy outcomes and making certain affected person satisfaction. “Neurologist botox injections close to me” displays a want for a supplier who values affected person enter and considers their particular person wants and preferences when evaluating remedy success.

In conclusion, remedy efficacy is a multifaceted idea inextricably linked to the “neurologist botox injections close to me” search. Situation-specific outcomes, exact injection method, period of impact, and patient-reported outcomes collectively decide the general success of botulinum toxin remedy. Accessing an area neurologist with experience in these areas is paramount for attaining optimum remedy efficacy and bettering the affected person’s high quality of life. The continued growth of recent injection methods and consequence measures additional underscores the continuing want for specialised neurological care and a concentrate on evidence-based observe.

7. Price Issues

The seek for “neurologist botox injections close to me” inevitably entails consideration of the monetary implications related to this specialised remedy. Price constitutes a big issue influencing accessibility and remedy choices, requiring sufferers to navigate a posh panorama of insurance coverage protection, out-of-pocket bills, and potential monetary help applications.

  • Insurance coverage Protection Variability

    Insurance coverage protection for botulinum toxin injections administered by a neurologist varies extensively relying on the precise plan, the identified situation, and the insurer’s insurance policies. Whereas many insurance coverage suppliers cowl botulinum toxin for medically essential remedies, similar to power migraines, cervical dystonia, and blepharospasm, protection could also be restricted or require prior authorization. Some plans could not cowl botulinum toxin for beauty functions or off-label makes use of. Moreover, the co-pay, deductible, and co-insurance quantities can considerably impression the out-of-pocket bills for sufferers. The seek for an area neurologist necessitates verifying insurance coverage protection and understanding the related prices to make knowledgeable monetary choices.

  • Out-of-Pocket Bills

    Even with insurance coverage protection, sufferers sometimes incur out-of-pocket bills for botulinum toxin injections. These bills could embody co-pays, deductibles, and co-insurance. In some circumstances, the price of the botulinum toxin itself might not be absolutely lined, requiring sufferers to pay a portion of the treatment price. Moreover, the neurologist’s session charges, injection charges, and facility charges can contribute to the general out-of-pocket burden. Sufferers ought to inquire concerning the whole estimated price of remedy, together with all related charges, to keep away from sudden monetary pressure. Some neurologists provide fee plans or financing choices to help sufferers with managing these bills.

  • Geographic Value Variations

    The price of botulinum toxin injections administered by a neurologist can differ considerably relying on geographic location. Components similar to the price of residing, the supply of specialists, and the aggressive panorama can affect pricing. In city areas with the next price of residing, botulinum toxin injections could also be dearer than in rural areas with a decrease price of residing. Sufferers ought to examine costs amongst completely different neurologists of their neighborhood to establish inexpensive choices. The “neurologist botox injections close to me” search gives a place to begin for worth comparability and evaluation of native price variations.

  • Monetary Help Applications

    Sufferers dealing with monetary hardship could also be eligible for monetary help applications to assist cowl the price of botulinum toxin injections. Pharmaceutical corporations, non-profit organizations, and authorities businesses provide varied applications that present monetary help to eligible people. These applications could provide reductions on the treatment price, co-pay help, and even full protection of remedy bills. Neurologists’ places of work typically have details about accessible monetary help applications and might help sufferers with the appliance course of. Exploring these sources can considerably alleviate the monetary burden of botulinum toxin remedy.

In conclusion, price constitutes a essential consideration for people trying to find “neurologist botox injections close to me.” Insurance coverage protection variability, out-of-pocket bills, geographic worth variations, and the supply of economic help applications all affect the affordability and accessibility of this specialised remedy. Sufferers ought to proactively analysis their insurance coverage protection, inquire about whole remedy prices, examine costs amongst native neurologists, and discover accessible monetary help choices to make knowledgeable choices and guarantee entry to essential neurological care. The associated fee effectiveness versus different remedies (surgical procedure, treatment, and so forth) additionally consider these concerns.

Regularly Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries relating to botulinum toxin injections administered by neurologists. It goals to offer clear and concise info to people contemplating this remedy possibility.

Query 1: What neurological situations generally profit from botulinum toxin injections?

Botulinum toxin injections are often employed to handle situations similar to power migraines, cervical dystonia (involuntary neck muscle contractions), blepharospasm (involuntary eyelid spasms), hemifacial spasm, and higher or decrease limb spasticity ensuing from stroke or different neurological accidents. A certified neurologist can decide if a selected situation is suitable for this remedy.

Query 2: How does botulinum toxin work to alleviate neurological signs?

Botulinum toxin capabilities by blocking the discharge of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter answerable for muscle contraction. This momentary blockade reduces muscle exercise, thereby assuaging signs similar to muscle spasms, ache, and involuntary actions. The consequences are localized to the injection website, minimizing systemic impression.

Query 3: What {qualifications} needs to be sought when trying to find a neurologist to manage botulinum toxin injections?

A neurologist needs to be board-certified in neurology and possess particular coaching and expertise in administering botulinum toxin injections for neurological situations. Inquiries needs to be made relating to the neurologist’s expertise with the precise situation being handled and their method to managing potential unwanted effects.

Query 4: What are the potential unwanted effects of botulinum toxin injections?

Potential unwanted effects differ relying on the injection website and dosage. Widespread unwanted effects embody momentary muscle weak point, ache or bruising on the injection website, and flu-like signs. Extra severe, however uncommon, unwanted effects can embody issue swallowing or respiration. An intensive dialogue of potential dangers and advantages ought to happen previous to remedy.

Query 5: How lengthy does it take to expertise the consequences of botulinum toxin injections, and the way lengthy do the consequences final?

The consequences of botulinum toxin injections sometimes turn out to be noticeable inside a couple of days to 2 weeks after the process. The period of impact varies relying on the person and the situation being handled, however typically lasts for 3 to 6 months. Repeat injections are sometimes essential to take care of symptom management.

Query 6: Are botulinum toxin injections lined by insurance coverage?

Insurance coverage protection for botulinum toxin injections varies relying on the insurance coverage plan and the medical necessity of the remedy. Many insurance coverage suppliers cowl botulinum toxin for particular neurological situations. It’s advisable to confirm protection with the insurance coverage supplier previous to remedy to know potential out-of-pocket bills.

The knowledge offered on this FAQ part serves as a normal information and shouldn’t substitute skilled medical recommendation. Session with a certified neurologist is crucial for figuring out the suitability and appropriateness of botulinum toxin injections.

The following part will discover the long-term concerns of botulinum toxin remedy.

Suggestions

This part gives important suggestions for people in search of certified neurologists for botulinum toxin injections, emphasizing elements that contribute to a secure and efficient remedy expertise.

Tip 1: Confirm Board Certification: Affirmation of board certification in neurology is paramount. Board certification signifies that the neurologist has met rigorous coaching requirements and handed complete examinations, demonstrating a excessive degree of experience in diagnosing and treating neurological problems.

Tip 2: Assess Expertise with Particular Circumstances: Prioritize neurologists with in depth expertise in administering botulinum toxin injections for the precise neurological situation being addressed. Expertise interprets to subtle method, improved accuracy, and a larger understanding of potential issues related to the remedy.

Tip 3: Inquire About Injection Strategies: Decide the neurologist’s most popular injection methods, together with using anatomical landmarks, electromyography (EMG) steering, or ultrasound steering. These methods can improve precision and reduce the danger of injecting unintended muscle groups or constructions.

Tip 4: Talk about Potential Dangers and Aspect Results: An intensive dialogue of potential dangers and unwanted effects is crucial. The neurologist ought to clearly clarify the potential issues related to botulinum toxin injections, together with their frequency, severity, and administration methods.

Tip 5: Consider Communication and Affected person Schooling: Efficient communication and affected person training are essential for knowledgeable decision-making. The neurologist needs to be prepared to reply questions completely, clarify the remedy course of intimately, and supply life like expectations relating to outcomes.

Tip 6: Examine Facility Accreditation and Security Protocols: The medical facility the place injections are carried out ought to adhere to stringent security protocols and preserve accreditation from respected organizations. This ensures a secure and sterile setting, minimizing the danger of an infection or different issues.

Tip 7: Evaluation Affected person Testimonials and On-line Opinions: Affected person testimonials and on-line evaluations can present invaluable insights into the neurologist’s competence, bedside method, and general affected person satisfaction. Nevertheless, these needs to be thought of at the side of different elements, similar to board certification and expertise.

Key takeaways embody prioritizing board certification, assessing expertise with particular situations, and making certain open communication with the neurologist. These elements collectively contribute to a safer and simpler remedy expertise.

The next part will delve into the conclusion, summarizing the important thing factors mentioned all through this complete article.

Conclusion

This text explored the multifaceted implications embedded throughout the search time period “neurologist botox injections close to me.” The investigation encompassed the need of neurological experience for correct analysis and exact injection method, the condition-specific software of botulinum toxin remedy, and the sensible advantages of proximity comfort. Moreover, it underscored the essential significance of adherence to stringent security protocols, the target evaluation of remedy efficacy, and the navigation of price concerns influencing entry to care. Efficient communication, knowledgeable decision-making, and life like affected person expectations had been recognized as important parts of a profitable therapeutic consequence.

The hunt for specialised medical providers, as exemplified by the “neurologist botox injections close to me” search, highlights an rising demand for accessible and certified neurological care. The knowledge introduced goals to empower people to make knowledgeable choices, facilitating entry to probably the most applicable remedy choices accessible, to positively have an effect on sufferers lives. Continued developments in botulinum toxin remedy and improved entry to neurological experience signify essential steps in direction of enhancing the well-being of people affected by neurological problems.