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Complete and balance the precipitation reactions. Include physical states. Refer to the solubility rules as necessary. precipitation reaction: AgNO_{3}(aq) + NaCl(aq) -> AgNO3(aq)+NaCl(aq)⟶ precipitation reaction: K_{3}PO_{4}(aq) + MgCl_{2}(aq) -> K3PO4(aq)+MgCl2(aq)⟶

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The balanced chemical reactions are:

[tex]AgNO{_3}(aq) \ + \ NaCl(aq) \rightarrow \ AgCl(s) \ + NaNO_{3}(aq)\\2K_{3}PO_{4}(aq) \ + 3MgCl_{2}(aq) \rightarrow \ 6KCl(aq) \ + Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}(s)[/tex]

Further Explanation:

The following reactions will undergo double displacement where the metal cations in each compound are exchanged and form new products.

For reaction 1, the compounds involved are nitrates and chlorides. To determine the states of the products, the solubility rules for nitrates and chlorides must be followed:

  • All nitrates are generally soluble.
  • Chlorides are generally soluble except AgCl, PbCl2, and Hg2Cl2.

Therefore, the products will have the following characteristics:

  • silver chloride (AgCl) is insoluble
  • sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is soluble

For reaction 2, the compounds involved are phosphates and chlorides. The solubility rules for phosphates and chlorides are as follows:

  • Phosphates are generally insoluble except for Group 1 phosphates.
  • Chlorides are generally soluble except for AgCl, PbCl2, and Hg2Cl2.

Hence, the products of the second reaction will have the following characteristics:

  • potassium chloride (KCl) is soluble
  • magnesium phosphate is insoluble

Insoluble substances are denoted by the symbols (s) in a chemical equation. The soluble substances are denoted as (aq).

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Keywords: solubility rules, precipitation reaction